DNA methylation: a beautifulwave in the history of gene research 

When Watson and Crick revealed the double helixstructure of DNA in 1953, human research on life was not limited to the narrowfield of view under the microscope.

In 1985, the PCR technology invented by Mullis wasborn, breaking the technological fetters of human beings from phenotype togenotype research. From then on, human life, old age, sickness and death can beinterpreted through genes. The exploration of life has entered the nautical eraof genetic research tic research.

However, in the long history of genetic research,there is still a wave. Although the water splash was small at the time, it isnow discovered that the water splash is rapidly expanding and spreading, thatis, gene methylation, which gently puts a beautiful hat on the gene. This hat,like the modified sound of a movement, makes genes more charming, and it hascaused countless scientists to sleeplessly at night and have a heartbrokenlove.

What is DNA methylation

Gene methylation is an unremarkable small modificationat the C position of the DNA sequence: a new methyl group (-CH3) is added tothe 5th carbon atom of the cytosine ring. It does not change the DNA sequence,but its role is unparalleled and extraordinary.

It can regulate individual growth, development, geneexpression patterns, and genome stability. It can also cause tumor development,metastasis, and deterioration from multiple angles: one is the cytosine in themethylated CpG island dinucleotide. The high frequency of deamination turnsinto thymine, causing gene mutations. Second, tumor suppressor genes and DNArepair genes are silenced due to hypermethylation. Third, oncogenes areactivated due to the reduced methylation levels. Fourth, overall genomemethylation decreased levels can activate transposons and repetitive sequences,leading to decreased chromosome stability.

More and more studies have shown that gene methylationplays an important role in the occurrence of a variety of cancers, such as lungcancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer. A window of newcancer markers is gradually opened.

DNA Methylation and Tumor

DNA methylation is a covalent chemical change. In thegenome of higher eukaryotes, it only occurs at the C5 position of cytosine incytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG), which forms 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) aftercytosine is combined with a methyl group (CH3). The reaction is catalyzed byDNA methyltransferase, and the CH3 group is derived from s-adenosylmethionine.These dinucleotides aggregate into CpG islands (CCIs). More than 50% of genepromoters contain CCIs are generally concentrated at the transcription startsite.

The presence of radicals causes the termination of thetranscription process, thereby silencing these genes. The mechanism is mainlyrelated to the transcription factor CTCF (CCCTC binding factor) protein andmethyl CpG binding protein (MBP). CTCF can control changes in thethree-dimensional structure of chromatin, promote or inhibit gene expression atdifferent sites, but CTCF cannot bind to methylated CpG. MBP contains amethylated CpGs binding domain and can interact with histone deacetylase (HDAC),combining to remodel chromatin and inhibit transcription.

▲DNA Methylation

From the perspective of DNA methylation, thedifference between tumor cells and normal cells is mainly genome-widehypomethylation and abnormal hypermethylation of specific sequence CpG islands.Hypomethylation mainly occurs in the promoter region of proto-oncogenes andnon-coding repetitive sequences. Hypomethylation of these sequences can causegene activation and destroy genome stability, causing abnormal cell proliferation,and ultimately induce tumors.

DNA Methylation and ClinicalApplication

In specific gene regions, abnormal methylation ofctDNA has a high consistency, making DNA methylation detection more extensivethan detecting tumor-specific mutations in tumor diagnosis, monitoring,treatment effect and prognostic judgment.

Clinical applications of DNA methylation includenon-tumor and tumor diseases. Non-tumor methylation detection is mainly usedfor inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, infectious diseases, andcardiovascular diseases, etc.

Human PAX1 Gene MethylationDetection Kit

The abnormal methylation level of PAX1 gene canreflect the pathological process of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions ofdifferent stages and levels. It is closely related to the occurrence andprogression of cervical cancer. The detection of precancerous lesions orcervical cancer can be early than conventional thinprep cytologic test. (TCT).

Detection Design of PAX1 Methylation

This kit uses fluorescent PCR amplification technologyto qualitatively detect the methylation of PAX1 gene specific sites in DNAsamples. Combines with HPV and TCT testing to provide a reference for accuratecervical cancer screening.

Performance Parameter

Detection Process

1、Nucleic Acid Extraction 

2、Modification                             

3、 PCR                                

4、Report